International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

The Cladoceran as live Feed in Fish Culture: A Brief Review

Author Affiliations

  • 1Fishery and Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar, India
  • 2Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Papumpare, Arunachal Pradesh, India
  • 3Fishery and Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar, India

Res. J. Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sci., Volume 4, Issue (3), Pages 7-12, March,24 (2016)

Abstract

Over the years aquaculture farms have gained a rapid interest due to increasing demand of fish as cheap protein source in human nutrition. However, intensive farm management with fish feed supplement and high input cost stands as key barrier against fish productivity optimization. So, development of low-cost feed input for enhancement of farmed fish production becomes an important researchable issue in intensive aquaculture. In that context, mass propagation and supplementing live fish feed have received worldwide attention and have been playing a vital role as larval diet of fin and shell fishes in general. The Cladoceran like Moina spp, Daphnia spp. etc. have already been explored as living capsule of nutrition for many cultivable fishes. Being in second trophic level in aquatic ecosystem, this group of animal transfer energy both primary producers and detrital masses to the fin and shell fish supporting their growth and development. On this backdrop, an endeavor has been made in this article to appraise the past and present research on cladocera highlighting its future scope in sustainable aqua-resource utilization through fish feed economy in commercial aquaculture.

References

  1. Watanabe T and Kiron V. (1994)., Prospects in Larval fish dietetics., Aquaculture, 124, 235-251.
  2. Kanazawa A. (2003)., Nutrition of marine fish larvae., J. Appl. Aquac., 13, 103-143.
  3. Sargent J., McEvoy l., Estevez A., Bell G., Bell M., Henderson J. and Tocher D. (1999)., Lipid nutrition of marine fish during early development: current status and future directions., Aquaculture, 179, 217-229.
  4. Olivotto M., Cardinali, I., Barbaresi, L., Maradonna, F. and Carnevali, O. (2003)., Coral reef fish breeding: The secrets of each species., Aquaculture, 224, 69-78.
  5. Palanichamy S. (1996)., Continuous mass culture of live feed to feed different stages of prawn and fishes., Bull. Cent.Marine.Fish. Res. Inst., 48, 117-119.
  6. Rath Rajendra Kumar (2011)., Freshwater aquaculture, 3rd Edition, Scientific publishers, Jodhpur, India., 597. ISBN: 978-81-7233-694-3 (HB).
  7. Tawaratmanikul P., Viputanimat T., Mewan A. and Pokasap K. (1988)., Study on the Suitable Moina density in Nursing the Giant Catfish, Pangasianodon gigas., Technical Paper No. 6/1988, Thailand: Pathumthani Freshwater Fisheries Station, Inland Fisheries Division, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, 6 (in Thai with English abstract).
  8. Fulks W. and Main K.L. (1991)., Rotifer and microalgae culture system., Proceedings of a U.S.-Asia workshop. Honolulu, Hawaii.
  9. Velasco S.Y. and Corredor S.W. (2011)., Nutritional requirements of freshwater ornamental fish: A review., Rev. MVZ Cordoba, 16(2), 2458–2469.
  10. Lim L.C., Dhert P. and Sorgeloos P. (2003)., Recent developments in the application of live feeds in the freshwater ornamental fish culture., Aquaculture, 227, 319– 331.
  11. Mayer C.M. and Wahl D.H. (1997)., The relationship between prey selectivity and growth and survival in larval fish., Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 54, 1504–1512.
  12. Chawpaknam C., Vorasayan P. and Poungin S. (1990)., Fry nursing of two-spot glass catfish, Ompok bimaculatus., Technical Paper No. 2/1990, Thailand: Chonburi Inland Fisheries Station, Inland Fisheries Division, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, 7 (in Thai with English abstract)
  13. Fermin A.C. (1991)., Freshwater Cladoceran Moina macrocopa (Strauss) as an alternative live feed for rearing sea bass Lates calicifer (Bloch) fry., J. Appl. Ichthyol., 7(1), 8-14.
  14. Mehraj uddin W., Altaff K. and Haniffa M.A. (2011)., Growth and Survival of Larval Snakehead Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793) Fed Different Live Feed Organisms., Turk. J. Fish Aquat. Sci., 11, 523-528.
  15. Amornsakun T, Sriwatana W. and Promkaew P. (2011)., Some aspects in early life stage of Snake head fish, Channa striatus larvae., Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol, 26(3), 347-356.
  16. Qin J.G. and Culver D.A. (1996)., Effect of larval fish and nutrient enrichment on plankton dynamics in experimental ponds., Hydrobiologia, 321, 109–118.
  17. He Z.H., Qin J.G. Wang Y., Jiang H. and Wen Z. (2001)., Biology of Moina mongolica(Moinidae, Cladocera) and perspective as live food for marine fish larvae: review., Hydrobiologia, 457, 25–37, 2001.
  18. Innes D.J. (1997)., Sexual reproduction of Daphnia pulex in a temporary habitat., Oecologia 111, 53–60.
  19. Suresh Kumar R. (2000)., Studies of freshwater cladocerans use as livefood in aquaculture., Ph. D. thesis, University of Madras, Tamil Nadu.
  20. Sipauba Tavares L.H. and Bachion M.A. (2002)., Population growth and development of two species of Cladocera, Moina micrura and Diaphanosoma birgei in laboratory., Braz. J. Biol., 62(4), 20.
  21. Sivakumar K. (2005)., Freshwater fish and prawn larval rearing using indigenous live-feed., Ph.D. thesis, University of Madras, Tamil Nadu.
  22. Srivastava A., Rathore R.M. and Chakrabarthi R. (2006)., Effects of four different doses of organic manures in the production of Ceriodaphnia cornuta., Bioresource Technol., 97, 1036-1040.
  23. Altaff K. and Mehraj uddin W., (2010)., Culture of Ceriodaphnia cornuta, using chicken manure as fertilizer: conversion of waste product into highly nutritive animal protein., Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res., 53(2), 89-91.
  24. Rodolfo F.V. and Edmundo M.E. (1980)., Preliminary studies on Moina sp. Production in freshwater tanks., Aquaculture, 21, 93-96.
  25. Balayla D.J. and Moss B. (2004)., Relative importance of grazing on algae by plant associated and open-water microcrustacea (Cladocera)., Arch. Hydrobiol., 161, 199–224.
  26. Kim D., Kim T.S., Ryu H.D. and Lee S.I. (2008)., Treatment of low carbon-to-nitrogen waste water using two-stage sequencing batch reactor with independent nitrification., Process. Biochen., 43, 406-413.
  27. Punia P. (1988)., Culture of Moina micrura on various organic waste products., J. Indian Fish. Assoc., 18, 129-134.
  28. Rottmann R.W., Graves S.J., Watson C., Roy P. and Yanong E. (2003)., Culture techniques of Moina: The ideal Daphnia for feeding freshwater fish fry., CIR 1054, FAO, Rome: 2-9.
  29. Loh J.Y., How C.W., Hii Y.S., Khoo G. and Ong H.K.A. (2009)., Fish faeces as a food source for cultivating the water flea, Moina macrocopa potential., J. Sci. Technol. Tropics., 5, 5-9.
  30. Okunsebor S.A. and Ofojekwu P.C. (2012)., Mass production of Moina micrura through manipulation of concentration, combinations of manure and period of growth in laboratory., Eur. J. Sci. Res., 83(4), 576–589.
  31. Murugan N., Murugavel P. and Kodarkar M.S. (1998)., Cladocera: The biology, classification, identification and ecology., Indian Association of Aquatic biologists (IAAB), Hyderabad.
  32. Hudson J.J., Taylor W.D. and Schindler D.W. (1999)., Planktonic nutrient regeneration and cycling efficiency in temperate lakes., Nature, 400, 659–661.
  33. Urabe J., Elser J.J., Kyle M., Yoshida T., Sekino T. and Kawabata Z. (2002)., Herbivorous animals can mitigate unfavourable ratios of energy and material supplies by enhancing nutrient recycling., Ecol. Lett., 5, 177–185.
  34. Winfried Lamper and Sommer Ulrich (2007)., Limnoecology: the ecology of lakes and streams. Oxford University Press, New York., ISBN-13: 978-0199213931
  35. Hall B.D., Bodaly R.A., Fudge R.J.P., Rudd J.W.M. and Rosenberg D.M. (1997)., Food as the dominant pathway of methyl mercury uptake by fish., Water Air Soil Pollut., 100, 13–24.
  36. Stemberger R.S., Larsen D.P. and Kincaid T.M. (2001)., Sensitivity of zooplankton for regional lake monitoring., Canad. J. Fish. and Aqua. Sci., 58, 2222–2232.
  37. Jeppesen E., Leavitt P., Meester L. De and Jensen J.P. (2001)., Functional ecology and palaeolimnology: using cladoceran remains to reconstruct anthropogenic impact., Trends Ecol. Evol., 16, 191–198.
  38. Korhola A. and Rautio M. (2001)., Cladocera and other branchiopod crustaceans., In: Smol, J. P. H. Birks, J. B. and Last, W. M. (Eds.) Tracking environmental change using lake sediments, vol. 4, Zoological Indicators, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 5–41.
  39. Lehman John T. and Naumoski T. (1985)., Content and turnover rates of phosphorus in Daphnia pulex : Effect of food quality., Hydrobiologia, 128(2), 119-125.
  40. Savas S., Demir O., Gumus E. and Olmez M. (2010)., The fatty acid composition of Daphnia magna feed with various feeds., J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 9(20), 2561-2564.
  41. Walve J. and Larsson U. (1999)., Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of crustacean zooplankton in the Baltic Sea: Implications for nutrient recycling., J. Plankton Res., 21, 2309–2321.
  42. Ovie S.I. and Ovie S.O. (2006)., Moisture, protein, and amino acid contents of three freshwater zooplankton used as feed for aquaculture larvae and post larvae., Isr. J. Aquacult. – Bamidgeh, 58(1), 29-33.
  43. Cauchie H.M., Jaspar-Versali M.F., Hoffmann L., Thome J.P. (1999)., Analysis of the seasonal variation in biochemical composition of Daphnia magna Straus (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anomopoda) from an aerated wastewater stabilisation pond., Annls Limnol. 35 (4), 223-231.
  44. Tong S.Y., Liu C.H. and Wang X.T. (1988)., Appraisement and analysis of nutrient composition for Moina mongolica Daddy., J. Dalian Fish. Univ., 11, 29–33.
  45. Wen Z., Yuan-ZI H. and Jing G. (2006)., Analysis and appraisement of nutrient compositions for Daphniopsis tibetana Sars., Jounal of Fishery Science of China (JFSC).
  46. Bogut I., Adamek Z., Puskadija Z., Galovic D. and Bodakos D. (2010)., Nutritional value of planktonic cladoceran Daphnia magna for common carp (cyprinus carpio) fry feeding., Ribarstvo, 68(1), 1-10.
  47. Farhadian O., Khanjani M.H., Keivany Y. and Ebrahimi-Dorche E. (2012)., Culture experiments with a freshwater cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O. F. Mόller, 1785), as suitable live food for mayan cichlid (Cichlasoma urophthalmus Gunther, 1862) larvae., Braz. J. Aquat. Sci. Technol., 16(2), 1-11.
  48. Santamaria C.A., Marin de Mateo M., Traveset R., Sala R., Grau A., Pastor E., Sarasquete C. and Crespo S. (2004)., Larval organogenesis in common dentex Dentex dentex L. (Sparidae): histological and histochemical aspects., Aquaculture, 237, 207–228.
  49. Sumithra V., Janakiraman A. and Altaff K. (2014)., Influence of Different Type of Feeds on Growth Performance in Black Molly, Poecilia sphenops, Int. J. Fish. Aquat. Stud., 1(6), 24-26.
  50. Qin J., Fast A.W., De Anda D. and Weidenbach R.P. (1997)., Growth and survival of larval snake head fish (Channa striatus) fed different diets., Aquaculture, 148, 105-113.
  51. Govoni J.J., Boehlert G.W. and Watanabe Y. (1986)., The physiology of digestion of fish larvae., Environ. Biol. Fishes, 16, 59-77.
  52. He Z.H., Jiang H., Jiang Z.Q. and Xue L.L. (1997)., Use Moina as live food for marine fish larvae., J. Dalian Fish. Univ. 12, 1–7.
  53. Fermin A.C., Bolivar Ma. E.C. (1994)., Feeding live or frozen Moinamacrocopa (Strauss) to Asian sea bass Lates calcarifer (Bloch), larvae., Isr. J. Aquac. Bamidgeh, 46, 132-139.
  54. Dominguez-Dominguez O., Nandini S. and Sarma S.S.S. (2002)., Larval feeding behaviour of the endangered fish golden bubblebee goodeid, Allotoca dugesi, implications for conservation of an endangered species., Fish. Manage. Ecol. 9(5), 285.
  55. Okunsebor S.A. and Ayuma V. (2011)., Growth, Survival rate and condition factor of Hetero clarias hatchlings fed cultured Moina micrura, shell free Artermia and combination of both as starter feed., Livestock research for rural development, 23(3).
  56. Okunsebor S.A. and Sotolu A.O. (2011)., Growth performance and survival rate of Clarias gariepinus fry fed on live feeds Brachionus calyciflorus, Ceriodaphnia reticulata and shell free Artemia, PAT (Production agriculture and technology),, 7(2), 108-115.
  57. Altaff K. and Janakiraman A. (2015)., Effect of temperature on mass culture of three species of zooplankton, Brachionus plicatilis, Ceriodaphnia reticulata and Apocyclops dengiz., Int. J. Fish. Aquat. Stud., 2(4), 49-53.
  58. Ovie S.I and Ovie S.O. (2002)., Fish-larval rearing: the effect of pure/mixed zooplankton and artificial diet on the growth and survival of Clarias anguilaris (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae., Journal of Aquatic Sciences (JAS), 17(1), 69-73.
  59. Ibrahim M.S.A., Mona H.A. and Mohammed A. (2008)., Zooplankton as live food for fry and fingerlings of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticies) and catfish Clarias gariepinus in concrete ponds central laboratory for Aquaculture research (CLAR), Abbassa, Sharkia, Egypt., 8th international symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture, 757-769.
  60. Alam M.J., Ang R.J. and Cheah S.H. (1993)., Use of Moina micrura as an Artemia substitute in the production of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) post larvae., Aquaculture, 10, 337-349.
  61. Orr C and Foster S. (1997)., Methods of culturing and performing toxicity tests with the Australian cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia,, CSIRO Land and water technical report 20/97, Griffith, NSW.
  62. Olojo E.A.A., Olurin K.B. and Osikoya O.J. (2003)., Food and feeding habits of Synodontis nigrita from the Osun river, South west, Nigeria., NAGA world fish centre quarterly, 26(4), 21-24.
  63. Lavens P. and Sorgeloos P. (1996)., Manual on the production and use of live food for aquaculture, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper., Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia reference centre. University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
  64. Kumar S., Srivastva A. and Chakrabati R. (2005)., Study of digestive proteinase inhibitors of Daphnia carinata, Aquaculture., 243(1-4), 367-372.