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Detection and characterization of cashew leaf and nut blight disease in the Eastern and the Southern Zones of Tanzania

Author Affiliations

  • 1School of Life sciences and Bio-engineering the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P. O. Box 447, Arusha-Tanzania and Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute, P. O. Box 509, Mtwara - Tanzania
  • 2Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute, P. O. Box 509, Mtwara - Tanzania
  • 3Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute, P. O. Box 509, Mtwara - Tanzania
  • 4School of Life sciences and Bio-engineering the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P. O. Box 447, Arusha-Tanzania

Res. J. Agriculture & Forestry Sci., Volume 7, Issue (2), Pages 36-44, April,8 (2019)

Abstract

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.) is export crop and source of income for many households in Southern and Eastern zones of Tanzania. However, its productivity is facing a number of challenges among them are diseases and insect pests. Previously cashew powdery mildew was known to be the main disease of cashew. However, cashew Leaf and Nut Blight Disease (CLNBD) has been cited as one of the most devastating diseases in cashew industry. The disease leads into lower cashew nut yields and poor nut qualities. A study was carried out to investigate detection and characterization of CLNBD in eastern and southern zones of Tanzania. A total of ninety leaf samples infected by the disease were collected for isolation of the fungus. The fungus was isolated by direct conidial transfer method on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and every procedure was carried out in aseptic conditions to prevent micro-organisms contamination. DNA was extracted and amplified using Polymerise Chain Reaction (PCR). The PCR results by using primer ITS5 (forward) and ITS4 (reverse) was amplified at above 500 bp and results by using primer ITS1 (forward) and ITS4 (reverse) was also amplified at above 320 bp and bands were observed respectively. Twenty four DNA samples from three regions were sent for sequencing. The nucleotide BLAST analysis showed that ten isolates had maximum nucleotide identities of 97-99% of cashew leaf and nut blight disease and were deposited in the gene bank. The phylogenetic relationship tree was reconstructed using the nucleotide sequences. The neighbour-joining and bootstrap methods show that CLNBD have more than one fungal strain which makes to be a complex disease.

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