International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Evaluation of improved tea (Camellia sinensis L.) genotypes to differential drip-irrigation levels in Tanzania

Author Affiliations

  • 1Tea Research Institute of Tanzania (TRIT), P.O. Box 2177, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
  • 2Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, P.O. Box 3005 Morogoro, Tanzania
  • 3Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, P.O. Box 3005 Morogoro, Tanzania
  • 4Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization-Tea Research Institute-Kericho, Kenya

Res. J. Agriculture & Forestry Sci., Volume 6, Issue (6), Pages 1-13, June,8 (2018)

Abstract

A study was carried out to establish optimal drip irrigation level for yield, shoot density and water use efficiency (WUE) on tea (Camellia sinensis L.) crop. Thirty-one improved tea genotypes and five irrigation treatments (I0 - I4 =100%) were investigated for 2-seasons at Ngwazi Tea Research Station, Tanzania. A Randomized Complete Block Design was adopted with irrigations arranged in split-plot in 3 replications. Genotypes and irrigations were assigned as main- and sub-plots respectively. Irrigation was scheduled based on a simple soil water balance equation. Evapotranspiration was calibrated using daily evaporation B-Pan data. Under I4 =100%, TRFK 303/577 (19) had significantly higher yield (2037kgmtha-1). Under I1 = 25%, TRFK 303/259 (18) recorded highest shoot density (207shoots m-2). Under I0; TRIT 201/43 (4) and TRFK 303/259 (18) produced significantly higher yields of 1136 and 1138kgmtha-1 respectively. Significantly higher shoot density (159shoots m-2) and yield (1570kgmtha-1) were registered during 2014/15 and 2015/16 respectively. Yield and shoot density had significant positive correlation r = 0.99***. Yield r = 0.73*** and shoot density r = 0.70*** significantly positively correlated with WUE. Yield-drip irrigation relationship described significant quadratic function with average R2 = 0.54* in 2014/15 and linear function with higher and significant R2 = 0.98*** in 2015/16. Yield-WUE relationship explained linear function with very weak R2 = 0.04in 2014/15, in 2015/16 the relationship was linear with higher significant R2 = 0.72***. Compared to I4 =100%, irrigating tea at I1= 25% in 2014/15 improved yield by 1.4% and saved water by 74.6%. Irrigating tea at I1= 25% during 2015/6 improved tea yield by 37.9% and saved water by 68.3%.

References

  1. Tea Board of Tanzania (2016). Annual Report, 1-15., undefined, undefined
  2. Tea Board of Tanzania (2015). Annual Report, 1-17., undefined, undefined
  3. Carr M.K.V. (2012)., Advances in Irrigation Agronomy-Plantation Crops/M.K.V., Carr; with contributions from Rob Lockwood and Jerry Knox Cambridge University Press. The Edinburg Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK. 222-273.
  4. Burgess P.J. and Carr M.K. (1996)., Responses of young tea (camellia sinensis) clones to drought and Temperature., I. Yield and yield distribution. Expl. Agric., 32, 357-372.
  5. Wachira F.N., Ng’etich W.K., Omolo J. and Mamati G. (2002)., Genotype × Environment Interactions for tea yields., Euphytica, 127, 289-296.
  6. Owuor P.O., Kamau D.M., Kamunya S.M., Msomba S.W., Uwimana M.A., Okal Amos W. and Kwach B.O. (2011)., Effects of Genotype, Environment and Management on Yields and Quality of Black Tea., Genetics, Biofuels and Local Farming Systems: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 7, 277-307.
  7. Kigalu M.J., Kimambo E.I., Msite I. and Gembe M. (2008)., Drip Irrigation of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.). 1. Yield and crop water productivity responses to irrigation., Agricultural Water Management, 95(11), 1253-1260.
  8. Nagaz K., Masmoudi M.M. and Mechlia N.B. (2012)., Yield response of drip irrigated Onion under Full and Deficit Irrigation with saline Water in Arid Regions of Tunisia., International Scholarly Research Network Agronomy. ID 56235, 1-8.
  9. Mattee A.Z., Mussa K.R., Mwaseba D.L., Mahonge C.P. and Nsenga J.V. (2015)., Factors in smallholder Farmers’ vulnerability to climate Impacts in the Uluguru Mountains, Morogoro Tanzania., In: R. Lal, B.R. Singh, D.L. Mwaseba, D. Krabill, D.O. Hansen and L.O. Eik (Eds)-Sustainable intensification to advance food security and Enhance Climate Resilience in Africa., 185-200.
  10. FAO (2013)., Climate Change and Tea in Kenya: Impact Assessment and Policy Response.,
  11. Kamau D.M. (2008)., Productivity and resource use in aging tea plantations., PhD Thesis for Award Degree of doctorate of Wageningen University, Holland, 1-189.
  12. Mӧller M. and Weatherhead E.K. (2007)., Evaluation of drip irrigation in commercial tea production in Tanzania., Irrig. Drain. Syst., 21(1), 17-34.
  13. Tea Research Foundation of Kenya (2005)., Tea Planting Manual., 1-198.
  14. Landon J.R. (1991)., Booker Tropical Soil Manual., Handbook for soil survey and agricultural land evaluation in Tropics and Sub-tropics. Wales and Sons, New York, 451.
  15. Tea Research Institute of Tanzania (2006). Annual Report, 1-147., undefined, undefined
  16. Kamunya S.M., Msomba S., Makola L., Cherotich L., Korir R., Kamau P., Wachira F.N. and Ndunguru B.J. (2012)., Performance and Genetic Stability for Yield and Quality of improved Tea Clones in Kenya and Tanzania., Tea, 33(1), 5-17.
  17. Makola L.R., Kamunya S.M., Muoki R.C., Cheruiyot E.K., Wanyoko J.K. and Korir R.K. (2013)., The effect of genotype by environment interactions on yield and quality of tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) in Kenya., Tea, 34(1), 31-42.
  18. Nyabundi K.W., Owuor P.O., Netondo G.W. and Bore J.K. (2016)., Genotype and Environment interactions of Yields and Yield Components of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Cultivars in Kenya., American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7, 855-869. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2016.76081 site visited on 2/04/2017.
  19. Bird H. and Demir A.O. (2015)., Responses of maize to full and limited irrigation at different plant growth stages., Journal of Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, 26 (2), 15-28.
  20. Genestat statistical Package (2005). Version 15., undefined, undefined
  21. Squire G.R., Obaga S.M.O. and Othieno C.O. (1993)., Altitude, Temperature and shoot production of Tea in the Kenyan Highlands., Expl. Agric., 29, 107-120.
  22. Karasu A., Kuşcu H., Mehmet Ö.Z. and Bayram G. (2015)., The effect of different Irrigation Water Levels on Grain Yield, Yield Components and Some Quality Parameters of Silage Maize (Zea mays indentata Stuart.) in Marmara Region of Turkey., Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobo., 43(1), 138-145.
  23. Djaman J.O, Irmark W.R., Rathje D. Martin and Eisenhauer D.E. (2013)., Maize evapotranspiration, yield production functions, biomass, grain yield, harvest index and yield response factors under full and limited irrigation., Biological system engineering: Papers and Publications, 372-407.
  24. De Costa W.A., Mohotti A.J. and Wijeratne M.A. (2007)., Ecophysiology of tea., Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 19(4), 299-332.
  25. Edwards C.E., Ewers B.E., McClung C.R., Lou P. and Weinig C. (2012)., Quantitative variation in water-use efficiency across water regimes and its relationship with circadian, vegetative, reproductive, and leaf gas-exchange traits., Molecular Plant, 5(3), 653-668.
  26. Netto L.A., Jayaram K.M. and Puthur J.T. (2010)., Clonal variation of tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] in countering water deficiency., Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 16(4), 359-367.
  27. Nir I., Moshelion M. and Weiss D. (2014)., The Arabidopsis Gibberellic Methyl Transferase 1 suppresses gibberellin activity, reduces whole-plant transpiration and promotes drought tolerance in transgenic tomatoes., Plant, Cell and Environment, 37, 113-123.
  28. Wijeratne M.A. and Fordharm R. (1996)., Effects of environmental factors on growth and yield of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) in low-country wet Zone of Sri Lanka., Sri Lanka Journal of Tea Science, 64, 21-34.
  29. Payero J.O., Tarkalson D.D., Irmak S., Davison D. and Petersen J.L. (2008)., Effect of irrigation amounts applied with subsurface drip irrigation on corn evapotranspiration, yield, water use efficiency, and dry matter production in a semiarid climate., Agricultural water management, 95(8), 895-908.
  30. Wijeratne M.A. (2003)., Harvesting policies of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) for higher productivity and quality., Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension, 6, 91-97.
  31. Kuslu Y., Sahin U., Kizililoglu F.M. and Memis S. (2013)., Fruit yield and quality and irrigation water use efficiency of summer Squash drip-irrigated with Different irrigation quantities in a semi–arid Agriculture area., Journal of integrative Agriculture, 3119(13), 6061-6065.
  32. Condon A.G., Richards R.A., Rebetzke G.J. and Farquhar G.D. (2004)., Breeding for high water-use efficiency., Journal of Experimental Botany, Water-Saving Agriculture Special Issue, 55(407), 2447-2460.
  33. Kang S., Zhang L., Liang Y., Hu X., Cai H. and Gu B. (2002)., Effects of limited irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in the Loess Plateau of China., Agricultural water management, 55(3), 203-216.
  34. Prakash O., Gobu R., Bisen P., Baghel M. and Chourasia K.N. (2017)., Resistance/Tolerance Mechanism under Water Deficit (Drought) Condition in Plants., Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 6(4), 66-78.